图像特征

特征理解
特征检测
特征描述

Harris角点检测

cv2.cornerHarris(img, blockSize, ksize, k, borderType=…)
- img：输入图像，数据类型为float32
- blockSize：角点检测中要考虑的领域大小
- ksize：Sobe求导中使用的窗口大小
- k：Harris角点检测方程中的自由参数，取值参数为 [0.04,0.06]
- borderType：边界类型

python">import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# img = cv2.imread('./resource/opencv/image/chessboard.png', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
img = cv2.imread('./resource/opencv/image/pattern.png', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)

gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

gray = np.float32(gray)

# 输入图像必须是float32，最后一个参数在0.04到0.05之间
dst = cv2.cornerHarris(gray, 2, 3, 0.05)
dst = cv2.dilate(dst, None)

img[dst>0.01*dst.max()] = [0, 0, 255]

cv2.imshow('dst', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

在这里插入图片描述

亚像素级精度的角点检测

cv2.cornerSubPix(img, corners, winSize, zeroZone, criteria)
最大精度的角点检测，首先要找到 Harris角点，然后将角点的重心传给这个函数进行修正。

python">import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt


img = cv2.imread('./resource/opencv/image/subpixel.png', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

gray = np.float32(gray)
dst = cv2.cornerHarris(gray, 2, 3, 0.04)
dst = cv2.dilate(dst, None)
ret, dst = cv2.threshold(dst, 0.01*dst.max(), 255, 0)
dst = np.uint8(dst)

ret, labels, stats, centroids = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(dst)

criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER, 100, 0.001)

corners = cv2.cornerSubPix(gray, np.float32(centroids), (5,5), (-1, -1), criteria)

res = np.hstack((centroids, corners))

res = np.int0(res)
img[res[:,1],res[:,0]]=[0,0,255]
img[res[:,3],res[:,2]]=[0,255,0]

cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Harris 角点用红色像素标出，绿色像素是修正后的角点。
在这里插入图片描述

Shi-Tomasi角点检测

cv2.goodFeatureToTrack()

python">import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

img = cv2.imread('./resource/opencv/image/shitomasi_block.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

corners = cv2.goodFeaturesToTrack(gray, 25, 0.01, 10)

corners = np.int0(corners)

for i in corners:
    x,y = i.ravel()
    cv2.circle(img, (x,y), 3, 255, -1)

plt.imshow(img)
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

SIFT(Scale-Invariant Feature Transfrom)

SIFT，即尺度不变特征变换（Scale-invariant feature transform，SIFT），是用于图像处理领域的一种描述。这种描述具有尺度不变性，可在图像中检测出关键点，是一种局部特征描述子。
cv2.SIFT_create()
- kp = sift.detect(img, None)：查找特征点
- kp, des = sift.compute(img, kp)：计算特征点
- kp, des = sift.detectAndCompute(img, None) ：直接找到特征点并计算描述符
cv2.drawKeypoints(img, kp, out_img, flags=cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_NOT_DRAW_SINGLE_POINTS)：画特征点
- img : 输入图像
- kp：图像特征点
- out_img：输出图像
- flags：
  cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_DEFAULT
  cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_DRAW_OVER_OUTIMG
  cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_DRAW_RICH_KEYPOINTS
  cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_NOT_DRAW_SINGLE_POINTS

python">import numpy as np
import cv2


# 读取图片
# img = cv2.imread('./resource/opencv/image/home.jpg')
img = cv2.imread('./resource/opencv/image/AverageMaleFace.jpg')
key_points = img.copy()
 
# 实例化SIFT算法
sift = cv2.SIFT_create()
 
# 得到特征点
kp = sift.detect(img, None)
print(np.array(kp).shape)

# 绘制特征点
cv2.drawKeypoints(img, kp, key_points, flags=cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_NOT_DRAW_SINGLE_POINTS)
 
# 图片展示
cv2.imshow("key points", key_points)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
 
# 保存图片
# cv2.imwrite("key_points.jpg", key_points)
 
# 计算特征
kp, des = sift.compute(img, kp)
 
# 调试输出
print(des.shape)
print(des[0])

cv2.imshow('kp', key_points)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()