以下代码是对图像进行骨架提取的函数：

void thinImage(cv::Mat& src, int maxIterations)
{
	assert(src.type() == CV_8UC1);
	cv::Mat dst(src.size(), src.type());
	int width = src.cols;
	int height = src.rows;

	for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
	{
		uchar* ptr = src.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
		{
			if (ptr[j] > 0)
			{
				ptr[j] = 1;
			}
		}
	}
	src.copyTo(dst);


	int count = 0;  //记录迭代次数
	while (true)
	{
		count++;
		if (maxIterations != -1 && count > maxIterations) //限制次数并且迭代次数到达
			break;
		std::vector<uchar*> mFlag; //用于标记需要删除的点
		//对点标记
		for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i)
		{
			uchar* p = dst.ptr<uchar>(i);
			for (int j = 0; j < width; ++j)
			{
				//如果满足四个条件，进行标记
				//  p9 p2 p3
				//  p8 p1 p4
				//  p7 p6 p5
				uchar p1 = p[j];
				if (p1 != 1) continue;
				uchar p4 = (j == width - 1) ? 0 : *(p + j + 1);
				uchar p8 = (j == 0) ? 0 : *(p + j - 1);
				uchar p2 = (i == 0) ? 0 : *(p - dst.step + j);
				uchar p3 = (i == 0 || j == width - 1) ? 0 : *(p - dst.step + j + 1);
				uchar p9 = (i == 0 || j == 0) ? 0 : *(p - dst.step + j - 1);
				uchar p6 = (i == height - 1) ? 0 : *(p + dst.step + j);
				uchar p5 = (i == height - 1 || j == width - 1) ? 0 : *(p + dst.step + j + 1);
				uchar p7 = (i == height - 1 || j == 0) ? 0 : *(p + dst.step + j - 1);
				if ((p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9) >= 2 && (p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9) <= 6)
				{
					int ap = 0;
					if (p2 == 0 && p3 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p3 == 0 && p4 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p4 == 0 && p5 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p5 == 0 && p6 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p6 == 0 && p7 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p7 == 0 && p8 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p8 == 0 && p9 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p9 == 0 && p2 == 1) ++ap;

					if (ap == 1 && p2 * p4 * p6 == 0 && p4 * p6 * p8 == 0)
					{
						//标记
						mFlag.push_back(p + j);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		//将标记的点删除
		for (std::vector<uchar*>::iterator i = mFlag.begin(); i != mFlag.end(); ++i)
		{
			**i = 0;
		}

		//直到没有点满足，算法结束
		if (mFlag.empty())
		{
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			mFlag.clear();//将mFlag清空
		}

		//对点标记
		for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i)
		{
			uchar* p = dst.ptr<uchar>(i);
			for (int j = 0; j < width; ++j)
			{
				//如果满足四个条件，进行标记
				//  p9 p2 p3
				//  p8 p1 p4
				//  p7 p6 p5
				uchar p1 = p[j];
				if (p1 != 1) continue;
				uchar p4 = (j == width - 1) ? 0 : *(p + j + 1);
				uchar p8 = (j == 0) ? 0 : *(p + j - 1);
				uchar p2 = (i == 0) ? 0 : *(p - dst.step + j);
				uchar p3 = (i == 0 || j == width - 1) ? 0 : *(p - dst.step + j + 1);
				uchar p9 = (i == 0 || j == 0) ? 0 : *(p - dst.step + j - 1);
				uchar p6 = (i == height - 1) ? 0 : *(p + dst.step + j);
				uchar p5 = (i == height - 1 || j == width - 1) ? 0 : *(p + dst.step + j + 1);
				uchar p7 = (i == height - 1 || j == 0) ? 0 : *(p + dst.step + j - 1);

				if ((p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9) >= 2 && (p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9) <= 6)
				{
					int ap = 0;
					if (p2 == 0 && p3 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p3 == 0 && p4 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p4 == 0 && p5 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p5 == 0 && p6 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p6 == 0 && p7 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p7 == 0 && p8 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p8 == 0 && p9 == 1) ++ap;
					if (p9 == 0 && p2 == 1) ++ap;

					if (ap == 1 && p2 * p4 * p8 == 0 && p2 * p6 * p8 == 0)
					{
						//标记
						mFlag.push_back(p + j);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		//将标记的点删除
		for (std::vector<uchar*>::iterator i = mFlag.begin(); i != mFlag.end(); ++i)
		{
			**i = 0;
		}

		//直到没有点满足，算法结束
		if (mFlag.empty())
		{
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			mFlag.clear();//将mFlag清空
		}
	}

	dst.copyTo(src);
	for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
	{
		uchar* ptr = src.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
		{
			if (ptr[j] > 0)
			{
				ptr[j] = 255;
			}
		}
	}
}